{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:20:50Z","timestamp":1789032050910,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Electro Acupuncture (EA) uses the acupuncture needle as an electrode to apply low-frequency stimulation. For its safe operation, it is essential to prevent any corrosion of the acupuncture needle.<jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The aim of this study is to find an available material and determine the possibility of producing a standard EA needle that is biocompatible.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Biocompatibility was tested by an MTT assay and cytotoxicity testing. Corrosion was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 0.5\u2009mA, 60\u2009min stimulation. The straightness was measured using a gap length of 100\u2009mm, and tensile testing was performed by imposing a maximum tensile load.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Phosphor bronze, Ni coated SS304, were deemed inappropriate materials because of mild-to-moderate cytotoxicity and corrosion. Ti-6Al-4V and SS316 showed no cytotoxicity or corrosion. Ti-6Al-4V has a 70 times higher cost and 2.5 times lower conductivity than SS316. The results of both straightness and tensile testing confirmed that SS316 can be manufactured as a standard product.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. As a result, we confirmed that SS316 can be used a new EA electrode material. We hope that a further study of the maximum capacity of low-frequency stimulation using an SS316 for safe operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/612545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,20]],"date-time":"2012-05-20T17:01:36Z","timestamp":1337533296000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploration of New Electroacupuncture Needle Material"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7124-6874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwang-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Research Center, Dong Bang Acupuncture, Inc., Boryeong 355-851, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7081-2907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Research Center, Dong Bang Acupuncture, Inc., Boryeong 355-851, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saebhom","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungjin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, 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