{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:18:54Z","timestamp":1791861534508,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Developmental Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most infections by genus<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>in immunocompromised patients are caused by<jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>. Unlike immunocompetent hosts who usually develop milder diseases such as cat scratch disease and trench fever, immunocompromised patients, including those living with HIV\/AIDS and posttransplant patients, are more likely to develop different and severe life-threatening disease. This paper will discuss<jats:italic>Bartonella's<\/jats:italic>manifestations in immunosuppressed patients and will examine<jats:italic>Bartonella's<\/jats:italic>interaction with the immune system including its mechanisms of establishing infection and immune escape. Gaps in current understanding of the immunology of<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>infection in immunocompromised hosts will be highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/612809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T21:02:04Z","timestamp":1321563724000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["<i>Bartonella<\/i>Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts: Immunology of Vascular Infection and Vasoproliferation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Mosepele","family":"Mosepele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 100 Centrex, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Mazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 100 Centrex, Philadelphia, PA 19104, 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