{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:35:48Z","timestamp":1791300948840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Large-scale poisonings caused by methyl mercury (MeHg) have occurred in Japan (Minamata in the 1950s and Niigata in the 1960s) and Iraq (in the 1970s). The current WHO neurological risk standard for adult exposure (hair level: 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/g) was based partly on evidence from Niigata which did not consider any cases who were diagnosed later and\/or exposed to low level of MeHg (hair mercury level less than 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/g).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Early in the Niigata epidemic in June 1965 there were two extensive surveys. From these two surveys, we examined 103 adults with hair mercury measurement who consulted two medical institutions. We compared the prevalence and the distribution of neurological signs related to MeHg poisoning between exposure categories.<jats:italic>Result<\/jats:italic>. We found 48 subjects with neurological signs related to MeHg poisoning who had hair mercury concentration less than 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/g. Among the neurological signs, sensory disturbance of the bilateral distal extremities was observed more frequently, followed by disequilibrium, hearing impairment, and ataxia, in groups with hair MeHg concentration both below 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/g and over 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/g.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The present study suggests the possibility that exposure to MeHg at levels below the current WHO limits could cause neurologic signs, in particular, sensory disturbance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/635075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T21:03:09Z","timestamp":1343250189000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Methyl Mercury Exposure at Niigata, Japan: Results of Neurological Examinations of 103 Adults"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Kimio","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Welfare and Psychology, Faculty of Nursing, Social Welfare and Psychology, Niigata Seiryo University, 1-5939 Suido-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8121, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yorifuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihide","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Sekikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nuttari Clinic, 6-4-12 Nuttarihigasi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0075, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Nakadaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Social Welfare and Psychology, Niigata Seiryo University, 1-5939 Suido-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8121, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kido Hospital, 4-13-3 Takeo, Higashi-ku, Niigata 950-0862, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4096.230"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449509089885","volume":"25","year":"1995","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology"},{"key":"3","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Clinical epidemiology about niigata minamata disease","year":"1979"},{"key":"4","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Clinical investigation on minamata disease. 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