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In general, immunosenescence is characterized by reduced levels of peripheral na\u00efve T cells derived from thymus and the loss of immature B lineage cells in the bone marrow. As for macrophages and granulocytes, they show functional decline with advancing age as evidenced by their diminished phagocytic activity and impairment of superoxide generation. The indole melatonin is mainly secreted in the pineal gland although it has been also detected in many other tissues. As circulating melatonin decreases with age coinciding with the age-related decline of the immune system, much interest has been focused on melatonin\u2019s immunomodulatory effect in recent years. Here, we underlie the antioxidant and immunoenhancing actions displayed by melatonin, thereby providing evidence for the potential application of this indoleamine as a \u201creplacement therapy\u201d to limit or reverse some of the effects of the changes that occur during immunosenescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/670294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,31]],"date-time":"2012-12-31T21:05:43Z","timestamp":1356987943000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Espino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 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