{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:47:10Z","timestamp":1789102030187,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Depression Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A deficit of social cognition in bipolar disorder has been shown, even when patients are stable. This study compares the attribution of intentions (social-cognitive bias) in a group of 37 outpatients with bipolar disorder with 32 matched control subjects. Bipolar patients scored significantly higher in the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire, showing an angry and intentionality bias (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Differences in blame scale and hostility bias did not reach statistical significance, but a trend was found (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.06<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Bipolar patients with depressive symptoms presented a higher score in the angry bias scale (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and aggressivity bias scale (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The global functioning (GAF) correlates significantly with intentionality (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), angry (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.027<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and aggressivity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.020<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) biases. Bipolar patients show a social-cognitive bias that may play a role in their functional outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/670549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,23]],"date-time":"2012-01-23T16:17:44Z","timestamp":1327335464000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Social-Cognitive Bias and Depressive Symptoms in Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Lahera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Alcal\u00e1-Meco s\/n, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Provincial de Toledo, Plaza de la Merced, 4, 45002 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Alcal\u00e1-Meco s\/n, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Guardiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Alcal\u00e1-Meco s\/n, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Alcal\u00e1-Meco s\/n, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Muchada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Alcal\u00e1-Meco s\/n, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Cojedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Provincial de Toledo, Plaza de la Merced, 4, 45002 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Liria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Alcal\u00e1-Meco s\/n, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 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