{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:58:40Z","timestamp":1771257520626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In Alpine ski sport, traditional lap time measurement systems record a skier's departure and arrival using time-of-day timers through wires, which is not cost effective in unofficial or training games. This paper develops a lightweight lap time measurement system using a wireless sensor network, which employs a practical TDMA-based linear wireless sensor network protocol for multihop communications in long strap-shaped environments where sensor nodes are linearly deployed. We evaluate the performance of this protocol through the implementation and deployment of the lap time measurement system. The experimental results show that the proposed protocol transmits data at a success rate of 99.66% and maintains the time synchronization errors between two adjacent nodes within 183\u2009 \u03bcs without using any other time synchronization protocols. In an experimental deployment for a 1.5\u2009km ski slope covered by 31 nodes, the system provides lap time measurements with a measurement error of 1.255\u2009ms, which satisfies the official measurement error of 5.0\u2009ms. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/674380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,29]],"date-time":"2012-02-29T21:01:00Z","timestamp":1330549260000},"page":"674380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Lightweight Lap Time Measurement System for Alpine Ski Sport Using a TDMA-Based Linear Wireless Sensor Network"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hyung-Bong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Namwon Street 150, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-711, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Ki-Hyeon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Kangwon National University, Joongang Street 1, Samcheok, Gangwon-do 245-711, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Lae-Jeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Daehak Street 120, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Tae-Yun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Daehak Street 120, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Qishi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4"},{"key":"B3-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.895117"},{"key":"B4-2012-674380","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Federation of Information Processing Societies Joint Computer Conferences (AFIPS '70)","author":"Abramson N."},{"key":"B8-2012-674380","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '03)","author":"Woo A."},{"key":"B9-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378993.379006"},{"key":"B10-2012-674380","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '04)","author":"Polastre J."},{"key":"B11-2012-674380","first-page":"3091","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS '04)","author":"Lu G."},{"key":"B12-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2007.70774"},{"key":"B13-2012-674380","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '07)","author":"Kim S."},{"key":"B14-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1076-0342(2008)14:1(89)"},{"key":"B15-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcns.2010.312126"},{"key":"B16-2012-674380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2007.4429233"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2012\/674380","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/2012\/674380","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2012\/674380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T06:43:48Z","timestamp":1622097828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2012\/674380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2012\/674380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/674380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1477","1550-1477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-1477","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-1477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}}}