{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1792260263910,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (UPEC) is a causative agent in the vast majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, and infectious complications, which may result in acute renal failure in healthy individuals as well as in renal transplant patients. UPEC expresses a multitude of virulence factors to break the inertia of the mucosal barrier. In response to the breach by UPEC into the normally sterile urinary tract, host inflammatory responses are triggered leading to cytokine production, neutrophil influx, and the exfoliation of infected bladder epithelial cells. Several signaling pathways activated during UPEC infection, including the pathways known to activate the innate immune response, interact with calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Some UPEC isolates, however, might possess strategies to delay or suppress the activation of components of the innate host response in the urinary tract. Studies published in the recent past provide new information regarding how virulence factors of uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    are involved in activation of the innate host response. Despite numerous host defense mechanisms, UPEC can persist within the urinary tract and may serve as a reservoir for recurrent infections and serious complications. Presentation of the molecular details of these events is essential for development of successful strategies for prevention of human UTIs and urological complications associated with UTIs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/681473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T16:02:39Z","timestamp":1331222559000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":283,"title":["Role of Uropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Virulence Factors in Development of Urinary Tract Infection and Kidney Damage"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Bien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 51\/55 Twarda Street, 00818 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Sokolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Bozko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Stra\u00dfe 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, 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