{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:20:37Z","timestamp":1791037237251,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. Diagnosis of WNV (WNV) relies upon serologic testing which may take several days after the onset of clinical symptoms to turn positive. Anecdotal reports suggest the presence of plasma cells or plasmacytoid lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be an early indicator of WNV infection.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The CSFs of 89 patients (12 with WNV, 12 with other viral illness<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>{<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>OVI<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>}<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and 65 with nonviral illness<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>{<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>NVI<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>}<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) were compared for the presence of either plasma cells or plasmacytoid lymphocytes.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Plasma cells were rarely seen in any of the patients. Plasmacytoid lymphocytes were more commonly seen in WNV (58%) and OVI (50%) than NVI (11%). The differences were significant for WNV versus NVI, but not WNV versus OVI (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.58,<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>resp.).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. A CSF pleocytosis with plasma cells or plasmacytoid lymphocytes was neither sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis of WNV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/697418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]],"date-time":"2011-11-02T15:01:10Z","timestamp":1320246070000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plasma Cell Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis Does Not Predict West Nile Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avish","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, 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