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Although we have shown 2% cholesterol and copper in water can retard learning, other studies show feeding dietary cholesterol before learning can improve acquisition whereas feeding cholesterol after learning can degrade long-term memory. We explored this issue by manipulating cholesterol concentration and duration following classical trace conditioning of the rabbit\u2019s nictitating membrane response and assessed conditioned responding after eight weeks on cholesterol. First, rabbits given trace classical conditioning followed by 0.5%, 1%, or 2% cholesterol for eight weeks showed body weight and serum cholesterol levels that were a function of dietary cholesterol. Although all concentrations of cholesterol showed some sign of retarding long-term memory, the level of memory retardation was correlated with serum cholesterol levels. Second, rabbits given trace conditioning followed by different durations of a 2% cholesterol diet combined with different durations of a 0% control diet for 8 weeks showed duration and timing of a 2% cholesterol diet were important in affecting recall. The data support the idea that dietary cholesterol may retard long-term memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/732634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]],"date-time":"2012-04-11T21:02:34Z","timestamp":1334178154000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit\u2019s Nictitating Membrane Response"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-0807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernard G.","family":"Schreurs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, P.O. 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