{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:02:55Z","timestamp":1740171775567,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54NS057405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54NS057405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stroke Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Previous studies have suggested that black populations have more small-vessel and fewer cardioembolic strokes. We sought to analyze racial differences in ischemic stroke subtype employing a comprehensive diagnostic workup with magnetic resonance-imaging-(MRI-) based evaluation including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. 350 acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to an urban hospital with standardized comprehensive diagnostic evaluations were retrospectively analyzed. Ischemic stroke subtype was determined by three Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification systems.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We found similar proportions of cardioembolic and lacunar strokes in the black and white cohort. The only subtype category with a significant difference by race was \u201cstroke of other etiology,\u201d more common in whites. Black stroke patients were more likely to have an incomplete evaluation, but this did not reach significance.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. We found similar proportions by race of cardioembolic and lacunar strokes when employing a full diagnostic evaluation including DWI MRI. The relatively high rate of cardioembolism may have been underappreciated in black stroke patients when employing a CT approach to stroke subtype diagnosis. Further research is required to better understand the racial differences in frequency of \u201cstroke of other etiology\u201d and explore disparities in the extent of diagnostic evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/735097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]],"date-time":"2012-05-07T23:39:03Z","timestamp":1336433943000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial Differences by Ischemic Stroke Subtype: A Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, USA"},{"name":"American Heart Association\/Pharmaceutical Roundtable\u2014Spina Outcomes Research, Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea S.","family":"Kidwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000129335.28301.f5"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157736.19739.D0"},{"issue":"3","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009445","volume":"147","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000239694.19359.88"},{"issue":"12","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2517","volume":"30","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1165","volume":"39","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.1.14","volume":"26","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699785"},{"issue":"5","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.5.1081","volume":"31","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000158908.48022.d7"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","volume":"24","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20617"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.1.37","volume":"32","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.11.1974","volume":"27","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0150-2"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.573907"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203335.45804.72"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.02.003"},{"issue":"7","key":"19","first-page":"1413","volume":"34","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.7.1350","volume":"30","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000063364.88309.27"}],"container-title":["Stroke Research and Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/srt\/2012\/735097.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/srt\/2012\/735097.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/srt\/2012\/735097.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T14:26:12Z","timestamp":1497968772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/srt\/2012\/735097\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["735097","735097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/735097","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-8105","2042-0056"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-8105"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-0056"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}