{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T16:47:01Z","timestamp":1758991621786,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,25]],"date-time":"2012-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HPB Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Several approaches have been proposed to pharmacologically ameliorate hepatic ischemia\/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a preconditioning oral nutritional supplement (pONS) containing glutamine, antioxidants, and green tea extract on hepatic warm IRI in pigs.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. pONS (70\u2009g per serving, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) was dissolved in 250\u2009mL tap water and given to pigs 24, 12, and 2\u2009hrs before warm ischemia of the liver. A fourth dose was given 3\u2009hrs after reperfusion. Controls were given the same amount of cellulose with the same volume of water. Two hours after the third dose of pONS, both the portal vein and the hepatic artery were clamped for 40\u2009min. 0.5, 3, 6, and 8\u2009hrs after reperfusion, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), portal venous flow (PVF), hepatic arterial flow (HAF), bile flow, and transaminases were measured. Liver tissue was taken 8\u2009hrs after reperfusion for histology and immunohistochemistry.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. HR, MAP, CVP, HAF, and PVF were comparable between the two groups. pONS significantly increased bile flow 8\u2009hrs after reperfusion. ALT and AST were significantly lower after pONS. Histology showed significantly more severe necrosis and neutrophil infiltration in controls. pONS significantly decreased the index of immunohistochemical expression for TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, MPO, and cleaved caspase-3 ().<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Administration of pONS before and after tissue damage protects the liver from warm IRI via mechanisms including decreasing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and necrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/783479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T06:33:06Z","timestamp":1340778786000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of a Preconditioning Oral Nutritional Supplement on Pig Livers after Warm Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Nickkholgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, 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