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In the disease leishmaniasis, the causative protozoan parasites are harbored inside the macrophages.<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species adapt strategies to make the infection chronic, keeping a balance between their own and the host's defense so as to establish an environment that is favorable for survival and propagation. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is one of the tactics used. This ligand-activated nuclear factor curbs inflammation to protect the host from excessive injuries by setting a limit to its destructive force. In this paper, we report the interaction of host PPARs and the pathogen for visceral leishmaniasis,<jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. PPAR expression is induced by parasitic infection. Leishmanial activation of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>promotes survival, whereas blockade of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>facilitates removal of the parasite. Thus,<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>parasites harness PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>to increase infectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/796235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T21:01:15Z","timestamp":1328130075000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-<i>\u03b3<\/i>-Mediated Polarization of Macrophages in<i>Leishmania<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Marion M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 534 OMS, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagasuresh","family":"Adapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 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