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However, whether such defects are relevant in subjects with a preserved number of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells (&gt;350 cells\/\u03bcL) is unclear. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated if signs of B cells exhaustion and impaired viral immune surveillance are present in a cohort of 43 asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients with preserved CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell counts (&gt;350 cells\/\u03bcL) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) untreated. A dramatic expansion of exhausted tissue-like memory B cells (CD<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>CD2<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>l<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>o<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>w<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>CD2<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>) was observed. B cells alteration was related to an increase in Torque teno virus (TTV) load, used as surrogate marker of immune function. Successfully HAART-treated patients showed normalization of B cell subpopulations frequency and TTV load. These results provide new insights on B cell in HIV-1 infection and show that development of B cell abnormalities precedes CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/829584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]],"date-time":"2012-03-06T01:46:04Z","timestamp":1330998364000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Emergence of Exhausted B Cells in Asymptomatic HIV-1-Infected Patients Na\u00efve for HAART is Related to Reduced Immune Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Fogli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili Square, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Torti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Tropical Diseases, School of 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili Square, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Giagulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili Square, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Section and Retrovirus Centre, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, 35-37 San Zeno Road, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Carosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious 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