{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:39:35Z","timestamp":1760708375227,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC100-2628-E-239-002-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC100-2628-E-239-002-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital watermarking has attracted lots of researches to healthcare information management systems for access control, patients' data protection, and information retrieval. The well-known quantization index modulation-(QIM-) based watermarking has its limitations as the host image will be destroyed; however, the recovery of medical images is essential to avoid misdiagnosis. In this paper, we propose the nested QIM-based watermarking, which is preferable to the QIM-based watermarking for the medical image applications. As the host image can be exactly reconstructed by the nested QIM-based watermarking. The capacity of the embedded watermark can be increased by taking advantage of the proposed nest structure. The algorithm and mathematical model of the nested QIM-based watermarking including forward and inverse model is presented. Due to algorithms and architectures of forward and inverse nested QIM, the concurrent programs and special processors for the nested QIM-based watermarking are easily implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/839161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1323792133000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Nested Quantization Index Modulation for Reversible Watermarking and Its Application to Healthcare Information Management Systems"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Lu-Ting","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320-01, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jwu-E.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320-01, 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