{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:33:41Z","timestamp":1792510421127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common neoplasms diagnosed in HIV-seropositive subjects. Oral involvement is frequent and is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of oral HIV-KS in patients from Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. All cases with confirmed oral HIV-KS treated at the oral medicine clinic in Ga-Rankuwa from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Differences between males and females with oral HIV-KS in relation to HIV infection status, to oral KS presentation and to survival rates were statistically analysed.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Twenty (54%) of the 37 patients in the study were females and 17 (46%) were males. In 21 patients (57%), the initial presentation of HIV-KS was in the mouth. Other than the fact that females presented with larger (\u226510\u2009mm) oral KS lesions<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, there were no statistically significant gender differences. Significantly more patients presented with multiple oral HIV-KS lesions than with single lesions<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. Nine patients (24%) developed concomitant facial lymphoedema, and these patients had a significantly lower CD4+ T-cell count (28\u2009cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) compared to the rest of the group (130\u2009cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. The average CD4+ T-cell count of the patients who died (64\u2009cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) was significantly lower<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, there were no statistically significant gender differences. Significantly more patients presented with multiple oral HIV-KS lesions than with single lesions<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.016<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>at the time of oral-KS presentation than of those who survived (166 \u2009cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). Conclusions: In Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa where HIV-KS is prevalent, oral KS affects similarly males and females. A low CD4+ T-cell count at the time of oral HIV-KS diagnosis and the development of facial lymphoedema during the course of HIV-KS disease portends a poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/873171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]],"date-time":"2012-09-12T22:03:51Z","timestamp":1347487431000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oral HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma: A Clinical Study from the Ga-Rankuwa Area, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Razia A. 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