{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:08:52Z","timestamp":1790932132751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The threat to human health posed by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is of growing concern to medical practice. This study investigated the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of<jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>isolated from blood specimen. One hundred blood samples were collected from suspected typhoid fever patients in 31 Artillery Brigade Medical Centre, Minna, and were analyzed for<jats:italic>S. typhi<\/jats:italic>while antibiotic sensitivity testing was done Kirby-Bauer method. Sixty (60.0%) samples out of the total 100 were positive for bacterial growth. The organisms isolated 2 include<jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>; 45 (75.0%),<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>; 6 (10.0%),<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>; 3 (5.0%),<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>; 3 (5.0%),<jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>; 2 (3.3%), and<jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>; 1 (1.7%). Result of the sensitivity test showed that the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics; ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and augmentin, which are the drug of choice routinely used in the study area for the treatment of typhoid fever. They were however sensitive to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin, which, unfortunately, are not used in this study area for the treatment of typhoid fever. There appear to be multiple drug resistant (MDR) strain of<jats:italic>S. typhi<\/jats:italic>in the study area. These may be as a result of overdependence or uncontrolled use of the few available antibiotics and\/or inaccurate or inconclusive diagnosis resulting in the development and spread of resistant strains of<jats:italic>S. typhi<\/jats:italic>. The study, therefore, highlights the need for a strong collaboration between the physicians and the laboratory in the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial diseases in order to discourage the development of resistant strain of bacterial pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/875419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T04:03:44Z","timestamp":1349064224000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of<i>Salmonella typhi<\/i>among Patients Attending a Military Hospital in Minna, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"N. U.","family":"Adabara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. U.","family":"Ezugwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Momojimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Madzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31, Artillery Brigade Medical Centre, Minna 0098, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Hashiimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos 2084, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Damisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"2008"},{"key":"12","first-page":"329","volume":"3","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","first-page":"12","volume":"6","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"3","first-page":"225","volume":"3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scientific Research and Essays"},{"issue":"12","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0912.030230","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"5","first-page":"66","volume":"95","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1A","DOI":"10.1177\/14732300020300S101","volume":"30","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of International Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","volume":"3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council"},{"key":"8","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","first-page":"5","volume":"26","year":"1995","journal-title":"Philippine Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis025","volume":"54","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017315","volume":"7","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["Advances in Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2012\/875419.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2012\/875419.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2012\/875419.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:50:56Z","timestamp":1498006256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2012\/875419\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["875419","875419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/875419","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3480","2090-3499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-3499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}