{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:07:35Z","timestamp":1790219255312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21590433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21590433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interchange Association, Japan","award":["21590433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21590433"]}]},{"name":"Interchange Association, Japan","award":["H21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H21"]}]},{"name":"Interchange Association, Japan","award":["H22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H22"]}]},{"name":"Interchange Association, Japan","award":["21590433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21590433"]}]},{"name":"Interchange Association, Japan","award":["H21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H21"]}]},{"name":"Interchange Association, Japan","award":["H22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive and intractable disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Red yeast rice (RYR) contains monacolin K, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and its consumption decreases cholesterol and triglyceride levels. We examined the efficacy of RYR constituents using a novel metabolic syndrome-NAFLD mouse model (MSG mice).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Two types of RYR grown under different culture conditions were used. 1P-DU contained only 0.002\u2009g\/100\u2009g of monacolin K, whereas 3P-D1 contained 0.131\u2009g\/100\u2009g. MSG mice were divided into three groups: control (C) group fed standard food, RYR-C group fed standard food with 1% 1P-DU, and RYR-M group fed standard food with 1% 3P-D1. Mice were examined from 12 to 24 weeks of age.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Serum insulin, leptin, and liver damage as well as macrophage aggregation in visceral fat in RYR-C and RYR-M groups were lower than those in C group. The serum adiponectin levels in RYR-C group were significantly higher than those in RYR-M and C groups.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. RYR was effective against obesity-related inflammation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in MSG mice irrespective of monacolin K levels. GABA and various peptides produced during fermentation were determined as the active constituents of RYR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/892697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]],"date-time":"2012-12-20T16:04:52Z","timestamp":1356019492000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Study of the Effects of Monacolin K and Other Constituents of Red Yeast Rice on Obesity, Insulin-Resistance, Hyperlipidemia, and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Using a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tsuneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology, 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