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Although several therapies have been evaluated for HAM\/TSP, none have been approved for use in humans. In this paper, we describe a 55-year-old female patient with HAM\/TSP who was treated with interferon beta-1a. This patient, in comparison to 20 female patients with HAM\/TSP who were not treated, showed improvement in urinary symptoms over four years of therapy, as well as a reduction in HTLV-1 proviral load and serum cytokine levels typically observed in HAM\/TSP. This improved outcome merits further controlled studies on the use and efficacy of interferon beta-1a as a therapy for HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/958786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T17:00:40Z","timestamp":1345136440000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interferon Beta-1a Improves Urinary Symptoms, Reduces Proviral Load, and Modifies the Immune Response in a Patient with HAM\/TSP"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Davi Tanajura","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgard Santos, 5 Andar, Rua Jo\u00e3o das Botas S\/N, Canela, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgard Santos, 5 Andar, Rua Jo\u00e3o das Botas S\/N, Canela, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgard Santos, 5 Andar, Rua Jo\u00e3o das Botas S\/N, Canela, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz","family":"Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgard Santos, 5 Andar, Rua Jo\u00e3o das Botas S\/N, Canela, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvane","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgard Santos, 5 Andar, Rua Jo\u00e3o das Botas S\/N, Canela, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.167155"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"182","volume":"47","year":"2009","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathologica"},{"year":"1976","series-title":"Medical Research Council Memorandum no. 45","key":"3"},{"year":"2005","key":"4"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-63"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.1016","volume":"46","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380101"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)05319-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb08059.x","volume":"86","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390304","volume":"39","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"9139","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03334-0","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20429"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152403272"},{"issue":"1","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199909010-00012","volume":"22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23227"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-7"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Neurological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crinm\/2012\/958786.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crinm\/2012\/958786.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crinm\/2012\/958786.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T18:56:42Z","timestamp":1497985002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crinm\/2012\/958786\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["958786","958786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/958786","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6668","2090-6676"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-6668"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-6676"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}