{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:38:55Z","timestamp":1791117535301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]],"date-time":"2012-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355961600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Amino Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper discusses the role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs which are already approved and those in clinical trials. The potential of peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or can act as a carrier of cytotoxic agents and radioisotopes by specifically targeting cancer cells. Peptide-based hormonal therapy has been extensively studied and utilized for the treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Tremendous amount of clinical data is currently available attesting to the efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Combination therapy is emerging as an important strategy to achieve synergistic effects in fighting cancer as a single method alone may not be efficient enough to yield positive results. Combining immunotherapy with conventional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy or combining an anticancer peptide with a nonpeptidic cytotoxic drug is an example of this emerging field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/967347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]],"date-time":"2012-12-20T21:04:59Z","timestamp":1356037499000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":390,"title":["Cancer Treatment Using Peptides: Current Therapies and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Jyothi","family":"Thundimadathil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Peptide Company Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20107"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1087"},{"issue":"1","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0195-27","volume":"1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"5","first-page":"1","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0350780","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2069"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.10257"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033434"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.10.023"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2009.10.009"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1320"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc903"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1891"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-0642-03"},{"issue":"19","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043383944","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480200900207","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"18","first-page":"13","volume":"89","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemical and Engineering News"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.717"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-120030218"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.031"},{"issue":"5999","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/313231a0","volume":"313","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","first-page":"158","volume":"5","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"7","key":"25","first-page":"S3","volume":"6","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reviews in Urology"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0399"},{"issue":"2","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00575-9","volume":"14","year":"1987","journal-title":"Urologic Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"2","key":"28","first-page":"14","volume":"36","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.06.029"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14796694.2.6.677"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.301.1.95"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.02.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930701)72:1<244::AID-CNCR2820720143>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.142"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)88988-9"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2006.03.007"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023393756"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000126628.01919.f9"},{"key":"39","first-page":"1704","volume":"41","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027396313397","volume":"10","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Oncology"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.08.066"},{"issue":"1","key":"42","first-page":"S92","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-006-0172-9"},{"key":"44","first-page":"792","volume":"24","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/snuc.2002.31027","volume":"32","year":"2002","journal-title":"Seminars in Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.12.006"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0288"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-004-1697-4"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.2553"},{"issue":"10","key":"50","first-page":"1599","volume":"47","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"51","first-page":"225","volume":"170","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-007-0450-1"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.047167"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3845"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16436","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607761103","volume":"103","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.088922"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.082"},{"key":"60","first-page":"209","volume":"1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.23.9498"},{"issue":"4","key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012101","volume":"6","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00245-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.11.805","volume":"94","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.852"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01750-3"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v17.i2.40","volume":"17","year":"1997","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Immunology"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930290022270"},{"issue":"17","key":"70","first-page":"6451","volume":"61","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11752","volume":"107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"72","first-page":"6","volume":"3","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Urology"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-0235"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-004-0581-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"75","first-page":"3575","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"76","first-page":"490","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic Disease"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.11.012"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3182280db1"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653240903164971"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/973820"},{"issue":"9","key":"81","first-page":"3406","volume":"6","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199903000-00007","volume":"22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"83","first-page":"489","volume":"74","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vox Sanguinis"},{"issue":"1","key":"84","first-page":"118","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2012.02.011","volume":"39","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-012-0168-1","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medical Oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e3182325f72","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"88","first-page":"490","volume":"9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.01245"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607780960546","volume":"7","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1410001"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.07.002"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720111793663598"},{"issue":"15","key":"92","volume":"28","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0007"},{"issue":"9","key":"94","first-page":"2854","volume":"7","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"95","first-page":"5139","volume":"62","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2005.10.002"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ib00013b"},{"issue":"12","key":"98","first-page":"2869","volume":"59","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062189599"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3876"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm720"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706776872871"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.7150\/thno\/v01p0189","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2174\/187152007781668706","volume":"7","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1147"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200910104"},{"issue":"12","key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.663.2.12","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer Research"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605162"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1376"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.07.012"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-S1-S1"},{"issue":"21","key":"113","first-page":"4871","volume":"58","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920111796117300"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21712"},{"key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.09.009","volume":"13","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"117","first-page":"14","volume":"28","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chimica Oggi"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788682253"},{"key":"119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-04-0213"},{"issue":"9","key":"120","first-page":"1","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"key":"121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md9101840"},{"key":"122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm058"},{"key":"123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25192"},{"issue":"4","key":"124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2006_3309","volume":"53","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Biochimica Polonica"},{"key":"125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/12469"},{"key":"126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099191"},{"key":"127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0161"},{"key":"128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004449"},{"key":"129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm140"},{"key":"130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.7510"},{"key":"131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9643-y"},{"key":"132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0100"},{"key":"133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.11.043"},{"key":"134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602126"},{"key":"135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.12.021"},{"key":"136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.045054"},{"key":"137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052715299"},{"issue":"6","key":"138","first-page":"1165","volume":"6","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd939","volume":"1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"key":"140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337496100"},{"issue":"19","key":"141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.19.9698","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104829108"},{"issue":"3","key":"143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1039\/c2mt00171c","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"issue":"21","key":"144","first-page":"7709","volume":"61","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403317101"},{"key":"146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2370"},{"key":"147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156800911794519752"},{"key":"148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ERA.09.69"},{"key":"149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200673200"},{"key":"150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0039"},{"key":"151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2289"},{"key":"152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.20708"},{"key":"153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.6650"},{"issue":"3","key":"154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3816\/CGC.2003.n.023","volume":"2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Prostate Cancer"},{"key":"155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/237623"},{"key":"156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.20900"}],"container-title":["Journal of Amino Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2012\/967347.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2012\/967347.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2012\/967347.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:10:29Z","timestamp":1687911029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jaa\/2012\/967347\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]]},"references-count":153,"alternative-id":["967347","967347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/967347","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0104","2090-0112"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0104","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0112","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]]}}}