{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:19:22Z","timestamp":1791861562407,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Clostridium sordellii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>are infrequent human pathogens; however, the case-fatality rates for the infections are very high, particularly in obstetric<jats:italic>C. sordellii<\/jats:italic>infections (&gt;90%). Deaths from<jats:italic>Clostridium sordellii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>toxic shock (CTS) are sudden, and diagnosis is often challenging. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues usually are the only specimens available for sudden fatal cases, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Clostridia is generally performed but it cannot identify species. A clear need exists for a rapid, species-specific diagnostic assay for FFPE tissues. We developed a duplex PCR-based microsphere assay for simultaneous detection of<jats:italic>C. sordellii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>and evaluated DNA extracted from 42<jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>isolates and FFPE tissues of 28 patients with toxic shock\/endometritis (20\u2009CTS, 8\u2009non-CTS, as confirmed by PCR and sequencing). The microsphere assay correctly identified<jats:italic>C. sordellii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>in all known isolates and in all CTS patients (10<jats:italic>C. sordellii<\/jats:italic>, 8<jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>, 2 both) and showed 100% concordance with PCR and sequencing results. The microsphere assay is a rapid, specific, and cost-effective method for the diagnosis of CTS and offers the advantage of simultaneous testing for<jats:italic>C. sordellii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>in FFPE tissues using a limited amount of DNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/972845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]],"date-time":"2012-03-23T13:08:35Z","timestamp":1332508115000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rapid, Simultaneous Detection of<i>Clostridium sordellii<\/i>and<i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i>in Archived Tissues by a Novel PCR-Based Microsphere Assay: Diagnostic Implications for Pregnancy-Associated Toxic Shock Syndrome Cases"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Julu","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G32, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"DeLeon-Carnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G32, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Kellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C17, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kakali","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C17, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoi-Anna","family":"Antoniadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G32, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wun-Ju","family":"Shieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G32, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Paddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of 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