{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:21:11Z","timestamp":1785439271618,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research of Jena, Germany","award":["B307-04004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B307-04004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Prospective studies indicate an increased risk for cardiovascular events in patients with evidence of multiple infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a synergistic effect of coinfection with <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and HCMV on expression of selected growth factors and cytokines.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS: The production of interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u20108, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet\u2010derived growth factor (PDGF), and \u2018regulated on activation normal T\u2010cell expressed and secreted\u2019 (RANTES) was measured in coinfected aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC).<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays, it was demonstrated that the expression of IL\u20106, IL\u20108, RANTES and bFGF was stimulated in a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent fashion in <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and also in HCMV\u2010infected cultures. In contrast, the expression of PDGF\u2010AA was only stimulated following HCMV infection. Coinfection with <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and HCMV resulted in a supra\u2010additive stimulation of IL\u20106 (30% increased expression, P\u22640.05) at 48 h, IL\u20108 (137% increased expression, P\u22640.001) at 24 h and bFGF (209% increased expression, P\u22640.01) at 48 h following infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study show that <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and HCMV are able to act in synergy in coinfected AoSMC. The supra\u2010additive induction of AoSMC growth factors and cytokines indicates a novel molecular link between infection and vascular disease development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/987476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T08:09:52Z","timestamp":1458029392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Supra\u2010Additive Expression of Interleukin\u20106, Interleukin\u20108 and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Following Coinfection with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i> and Cytomegalovirus as a Novel Link between Infection and Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Prochnau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Reiner","family":"Figulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"R\u00f6del","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjidmm\/2012\/987476.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2012\/987476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:03:08Z","timestamp":1723057388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2012\/987476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2012\/987476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/987476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1712-9532","1918-1493"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1712-9532","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1493","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}