{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T16:27:57Z","timestamp":1747844877903,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The floating microballoons have been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release in the stomach. The objective of the present study involves design, development, and characterization of pentoxifylline loaded floating microballoons to prolong their gastric residence time. Pentoxifylline (trisubstituted xanthine derivative) loaded microballoons were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using different concentrations of polymers like HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose (EC) in ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane organic solvent system. Microballoons were characterized for their particle size, surface morphology, production yield, loading efficiency, buoyancy percentage, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug release studies. From the characterization it was observed that increases in amount of polymers (HPMC K4M and EC) led to increased particle size, loading efficiency, and buoyancy percentage, and retarded drug release. The particle size, particle yield, loading efficiency, buoyancy percentage and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug release for optimized formulation (F3) were found to be <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>104.0<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.87<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009\u00b5m, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>80.89<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.24<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mn>77.85<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.61<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mn>77.52<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.04<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>%, and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mn>82.21<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.29<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>%, respectively. The data was fitted to different kinetic models to illustrate its anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> result showed that formulations comprised of varying concentrations of ethyl cellulose in higher proportion exhibited much retarded drug release as compared to formulations comprised of higher proportion of varying concentrations of  HPMC K4M.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/107291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T21:03:49Z","timestamp":1368133429000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pentoxifylline Loaded Floating Microballoons: Design, Development and Characterization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4124-5552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prashant","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Upendra","family":"Nagaich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj Kaur","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720110790396436"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"101","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research"},{"key":"3","first-page":"345","volume":"1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4","first-page":"29","volume":"5","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"5","first-page":"21","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"291","volume":"67","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"57","volume":"14","year":"2006","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"8","first-page":"725","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02796.x","volume":"25","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"1","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.79806"},{"key":"12","first-page":"1","volume":"3","year":"2009","journal-title":"Continental Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600521210","volume":"52","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","first-page":"55","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"69","volume":"5","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"16","first-page":"33","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"DARU"},{"issue":"3","key":"17","first-page":"217","volume":"67","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2013\/107291.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2013\/107291.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2013\/107291.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T11:37:57Z","timestamp":1607600277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jphar\/2013\/107291\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["107291","107291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/107291","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-9918","2090-7818"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-9918"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-7818"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]]}}}