{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T05:00:18Z","timestamp":1744261218868},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Methadone remains the most common form of pharmacological therapy for opioid dependence; however, there is a lack of explanation for the reports of its relatively low success rate in achieving complete abstinence. One hypothesis is that<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>binding of methadone to the plasma glycoprotein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), to a degree dependent on the molecular structure, may render the drug inactive. This study sought to determine whether alterations present in the glycosylation pattern of AGP in patients undergoing various stages of methadone therapy (titration &lt; two weeks, harm reduction &lt; one year, long-term &gt; one and a half years) could affect the affinity of the glycoprotein to bind methadone. The composition of AGP glycosylation was determined using high pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and intrinsic fluorescence analysed to determine the extent of binding to methadone. The monosaccharides galactose and N-acetyl-glucosamine were elevated in all methadone treatment groups indicating alterations in AGP glycosylation. AGP from all patients receiving methadone therapy exhibited a greater degree of binding than the normal population. This suggests that analysing the glycosylation of AGP in patients receiving methadone may aid in determining whether the therapy is likely to be effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/108902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T17:00:56Z","timestamp":1373907656000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Glycosylation of AGP and Its Associations with the Binding to Methadone"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Behan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne E.","family":"Cruickshank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerri","family":"Matthews-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"},{"name":"Community Drug Problem Service, Spittal Street Centre, Edinburgh EH3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","series-title":"Sales No.E.10.XI.13","year":"2010"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687630600871987"},{"issue":"2","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.34","volume":"29","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"4","series-title":"Edited by O. 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