{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:57:35Z","timestamp":1778918255249,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leakage of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from short-wave radiofrequency physiotherapeutic diathermies (SWDs) may cause health and safety hazards affecting unintentionally exposed workers (W) or general public (GP) members (assisting patient exposed during treatment or presenting there for other reasons). Increasing use of electronic active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), by patients, attendants, and workers, needs attention because dysfunctions of these devices may be caused by electromagnetic interactions. EMF emitted by 12 SWDs (with capacitive or inductive applicators) were assessed following international guidelines on protection against EMF exposure (International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection for GP and W, new European directive 2013\/35\/EU for W, European Recommendation for GP, and European Standard EN 50527-1 for AIMD users). Direct EMF hazards for humans near inductive applicators were identified at a distance not exceeding 45\u2009cm for W or 62\u2009cm for GP, but for AIMD users up to 90\u2009cm (twice longer than that for W and 50% longer than that for GP because EMF is pulsed modulated). Near capacitive applicators emitting continuous wave, the corresponding distances were: 120\u2009cm for W or 150\u2009cm for both\u2014GP or AIMD users. This assessment does not cover patients who undergo SWD treatment (but it is usually recommended for AIMD users to be careful with EMF treatment).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/150143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,8]],"date-time":"2013-09-08T17:00:53Z","timestamp":1378659653000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An Assessment of Hazards Caused by Electromagnetic Interaction on Humans Present near Short-Wave Physiotherapeutic Devices of Various Types Including Hazards for Users of Electronic Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-2728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Karpowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Ulica Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Gryz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Ulica Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"74","key":"1","first-page":"494","volume":"4","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Physics"},{"key":"2","year":"2006"},{"key":"3","volume":"102","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3109\/15368378.2013.776429","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"5","first-page":"446","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2009.11076785","volume":"15","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","first-page":"241","volume":"43","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000183559.25124.5d"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-10-50"},{"issue":"2","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680900300214","volume":"3","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"12","first-page":"29","volume":"17","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radio Science"},{"key":"13","year":"2013"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11574"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.782203","volume":"10","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3109\/15368378.2013.776434","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2008.11076763","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics"},{"key":"23","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/150143.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/150143.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/150143.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T17:33:36Z","timestamp":1498066416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/150143\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["150143","150143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/150143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}