{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:29:14Z","timestamp":1769117354066,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI036211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI036211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past decade, Tanzania has seen a rapid rise in the number of people who inject drugs (PWID), specifically heroin. While the overall HIV prevalence in Tanzania has declined recently to 5.6%, in 2009, the HIV prevalence among PWID remains alarmingly high at 35%. In this paper, we describe how the Tanzania AIDS Prevention Program (TAPP), M\u00e9decins du Monde France (MdM-F), and other organisations have been at the forefront of addressing this public health issue in Africa, implementing a wide array of harm reduction interventions including medication-assisted treatment (MAT), needle and syringe programs (NSP), and \u201csober houses\u201d for residential treatment in the capital, Dar es Salaam, and in Zanzibar. Looking toward the future, we discuss the need to (1)<jats:italic>extend<\/jats:italic>existing services and programs to reach more PWID and others at risk for HIV, (2)<jats:italic>develop<\/jats:italic>additional programs to strengthen existing programs, and (3)<jats:italic>expand<\/jats:italic>activities to include structural interventions to address vulnerabilities that increase HIV risk for all Tanzanians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/183187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T16:00:52Z","timestamp":1357228852000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["An Overview of HIV Prevention Interventions for People Who Inject Drugs in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Ratliff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 26th Floor, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheryl A.","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 26th Floor, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie K. K.","family":"Mbwambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barrot H.","family":"Lambdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"},{"name":"Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation, 472 Ninth Street, Oakland, CA 94607, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ancella","family":"Voets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins du Monde, P.O. Box 105948, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Pont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins du Monde, P.O. Box 105948, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 26th Floor, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gad P.","family":"Kilonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65466, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.338","volume":"79","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500120930"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(06)80004-9"},{"key":"4","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"1","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2009.21.5.474","volume":"21","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9102-x"},{"key":"8","year":"2004"},{"key":"9","year":"2008"},{"key":"10","year":"2011"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825f315e"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2010.01.011"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2003.08.006"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.699671"},{"issue":"2","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2011.632825","volume":"14","year":"2012","journal-title":"Culture, Health & Sexuality"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(01)00093-7"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2011.594451"}],"container-title":["Advances in Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2013\/183187.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2013\/183187.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2013\/183187.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]],"date-time":"2019-07-07T18:11:55Z","timestamp":1562523115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/apm\/2013\/183187\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["183187","183187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/183187","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3480","2090-3499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-3499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}