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Current trust mechanisms and avoidance approaches are promising but have their limitations. Avoidance approaches transmit multiple copies of the packets to avoid attackers and cause high overhead. In trust mechanisms, each sensor monitors it neighbors, evaluates their trustworthiness, classifies them as either trustworthy or untrustworthy, and then discards untrustworthy sensors from the network. However, malicious insiders, which are legitimate members of the network and know exactly what their monitoring nodes know, can launch attacks carefully to avoid being detected and discarded from the network. In this paper, we first show that this is possible by introducing a selective forwarding-based denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We then propose an enhanced trust mechanism to detect such attackers and identify their victims. Furthermore, we design two attacker-aware protocols to reroute victim nodes' packets by avoiding the attackers. We conduct extensive OPNET simulations to validate our claims and demonstrate the advantages of our proposed approaches. Finally, as a complementary defensive method to our detection and avoidance approaches, we introduce a prevention routing algorithm that proactively prevents the attack and provide our preliminary results to evaluate its performance. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/205920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]],"date-time":"2013-10-03T07:45:28Z","timestamp":1380786328000},"page":"205920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Detection and Prevention of Selective Forwarding-Based Denial-of-Service Attacks in WSNs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1274-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngho","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.072210.00026"},{"key":"B2-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8705(03)00008-8"},{"key":"B3-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345955"},{"key":"B4-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NCA.2008.13"},{"key":"B5-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.06.002"},{"key":"B6-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBERC.2009.5342206"},{"key":"B7-2013-205920","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS '06)","author":"Yu B."},{"key":"B8-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2011.03.005"},{"key":"B9-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICON.2007.4444087"},{"key":"B10-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.861389"},{"key":"B11-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1362542.1362546"},{"key":"B12-2013-205920","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW '12)","author":"Cho Y."},{"key":"B13-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2007.4428866"},{"key":"B14-2013-205920","volume-title":"Proceedings of the the 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference","author":"Josang A."},{"key":"B15-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2007.193"},{"key":"B16-2013-205920","first-page":"900","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE h International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM '12)","author":"Yan Q."},{"key":"B17-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/ijnsa.2010.2304"},{"key":"B18-2013-205920","first-page":"406","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Local Computer Networks (LCN '03)","author":"Deb B."},{"key":"B19-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2004.1311934"},{"key":"B21-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345953"},{"key":"B22-2013-205920","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC '04)","author":"Tanachaiwiwat S."},{"key":"B23-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2008.538.544"},{"key":"B24-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARES.2010.87"},{"key":"B25-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2010.249"},{"key":"B26-2013-205920","first-page":"599","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","author":"Kamat P."},{"key":"B27-2013-205920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.260"},{"key":"B28-2013-205920","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Proceedings of the the 27th Australasian Conference on Computer Science (ACSC '04)","author":"Pirzada A. 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