{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:58:57Z","timestamp":1791547137293,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":273,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Maritime transportation is a major source of climate change and air pollution. Shipping emissions cause severe impacts on health and environment. These effects of emissions are emerged especially in territorial waters, inland seas, canals, straits, bays, and port regions. In this paper, exhaust gas emissions from ships in Izmir Port, which is one of the main ports in Turkey, are calculated by the ship activity\u2010based methodology. Total emissions from ships in the port is estimated as 1923\u2009ton y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for NO\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    , 1405\u2009ton y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 82753\u2009ton y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , ton y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for HC, and 165\u2009ton y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for PM in the year 2007. These emissions are classified regarding operation modes and types of ships. The results are compared with the other studies including amounts of exhaust pollutants generated by ships. According to the findings, it is clear that the ships calling the Izmir Port are important air polluting causes of the Izmir city and its surroundings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/218324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T17:00:57Z","timestamp":1380646857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["An Investigation on the Effects of Ship Sourced Emissions in Izmir Port, Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Halil","family":"Sara\u00e7o\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9702-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cengiz","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ICCT (The International Council on Clean Transportation) Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ocean-going Ships: Impacts Mitigation Options and Opportunities for Managing Growth Published by The International Council on Clean Transportation 2007 http:\/\/www.theicct.org\/.","DOI":"10.1080\/07266472.2007.10878845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","volume-title":"Review of Maritime Transport","author":"UNCTAD","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"Controlling Air Emissions from Marine Vessels","author":"Fournier A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-1273-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JD100040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","volume-title":"Harboring Pollution Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports","author":"Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","volume-title":"Second IMO GHG Study","author":"Buhaug O.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03195150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","volume-title":"External Costs of Maritime Transport, Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate General Internal Policies of the Union","author":"Maffii S.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","unstructured":"Lloyd\u2032s Register of Shipping (LR) Marine exhaust emissions quantification study-Mediterranean Sea Final Report 1999 no. 99\/EE\/7044 Lloyd's Register Engine Service London UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","unstructured":"IIASA Analysis of policy measures to reduce ship emissions in the context of the revision of the National Emissions Ceilings Directive IIASA Contract 2007 no. 06-107 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.10365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.10373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","unstructured":"ENTEC UK Limited Preliminary assignment of ship emissions to European countries Final Report 2005 ENTEC UK Limited London UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.lloydslist.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.denizcilik.gov.tr\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","volume-title":"Emission Inventory Guidebook, August 2002, Version: 3.4","author":"Kevin L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","volume-title":"Seaport Air Emissions Inventory","author":"Environ","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es061979c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","unstructured":"StarcrestE. 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