{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:37:42Z","timestamp":1761597462649,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen plays a crucial role in fetal and placental development through estrogen receptors. Association of estrogen receptor alpha gene (<jats:italic>ESR1<\/jats:italic>) polymorphisms with spontaneous abortion has been shown in some studies. Our main goal was to study the potential association of spontaneous abortion with the<jats:italic>ESR1<\/jats:italic>gene variations (<jats:italic>PvuII<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>XbaI<\/jats:italic>) in fetal tissue. Totally, 161 samples were recruited including 80 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded fetal tissue from spontaneous abortion and 81 samples of normal term placental tissue. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was performed for genotyping the rs2234693 (A\/G<jats:italic>XbaI<\/jats:italic>) and rs9340799 (T\/C<jats:italic>PvuII<\/jats:italic>) single nucleotide polymorphisms located in intron 1 of<jats:italic>ESR1<\/jats:italic>. The results have been confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. The different genotypes distribution was detected in two study groups. Haplotype analysis indicated that<jats:italic>ppxx<\/jats:italic>is protective genotype against spontaneous abortion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01). In conclusion, the potential role of<jats:italic>ESR1<\/jats:italic>genetic variation in spontaneous abortion might be valuable in high-risk subjects, and that needs to be confirmed with future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/256470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,20]],"date-time":"2013-10-20T17:01:29Z","timestamp":1382288489000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association Study of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms with Spontaneous Abortion: Is This a Possible Reason for Unexplained Spontaneous Abortion?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2521-0939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Negin","family":"Anousha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 54511, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2847-4737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arash","family":"Hossein-Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firouzeh","family":"Biramijamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14178, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 54511, 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