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However, energy conservation and harvesting can hardly provide a complete solution due to two main reasons: the energy harvesting capabilities\/opportunities are seriously affected by spatial and temporal facts regarding the location of sensor deployment, and distributed processing of sensing and communication are also uneven throughout the network which leads to unbalanced energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an energy transfer system called eLighthouse to level the energy harvesting and consumption of solar-powered WSN. An energy-hub equipment has been brought forward utilizing a controlled retroreflector to forward sunlight to the appropriate nodes which urgently require recharging. The scheduling algorithm among multiple nodes is also included in this paper which helps to maintain the maximum number of nodes in active state; the localization algorithm which enables the controlled retroreflector for pointing correctly is also a key contribution of this paper. The experimental and simulation results both demonstrated that the proposed system can maximize the utilization of the solar power charging technique effectively to prolong the network lifetime and build up a sustainable WSN. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/256569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]],"date-time":"2013-11-07T21:01:51Z","timestamp":1383858111000},"page":"256569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["eLighthouse: Enhance Solar Power Coverage in Renewable Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Application Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Application Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Application Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guojun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Application Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Graphics and Image, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"reference":[{"first-page":"28","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","author":"Ye F.","key":"B1-2013-256569"},{"first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '03)","author":"Van Dam T.","key":"B2-2013-256569"},{"key":"B3-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-005-6615-6"},{"key":"B4-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2011.6133756"},{"key":"B5-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1814433.1814439"},{"key":"B6-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409635.1409646"},{"key":"B7-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPSN.2008.67"},{"key":"B8-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143254"},{"key":"B9-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2011.5934919"},{"key":"B10-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2010.35"},{"key":"B11-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869983.1870007"},{"first-page":"166","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","author":"Savvides A.","key":"B12-2013-256569"},{"first-page":"1734","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conference on the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies","author":"Niculescu D.","key":"B13-2013-256569"},{"key":"B14-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2000.832252"},{"key":"B15-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644038.1644066"},{"key":"B16-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1859995.1860015"},{"key":"B17-2013-256569","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869983.1870012"},{"issue":"1","key":"B18-2013-256569","first-page":"49","volume":"13","author":"Afzal M. 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