{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:19:15Z","timestamp":1790957955231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Research Support of S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)"},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)"},{"name":"Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aging process causes a number of changes in the skin, including oxidative stress and dyschromia. The kojic acid (KA) is iron chelator employed in treatment of skin aging, and inhibits tyrosinase, promotes depigmentation. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, such as liquid crystalline systems (LCSs), can modulate drug permeation through the skin and improve the drug activity. This study is aimed at structurally developing and characterizing a kojic acid-loaded LCS, consists of water (W), cetostearyl isononanoate (oil\u2014O) and PPG-5-CETETH-20 (surfactant-S) and evaluating its<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>skin permeation and retention. Three regions of the diagram were selected for characterization: A (35% O, 50% S, 15% W), B (30% O, 50% S, 20% W) and C (20% O, 50% S, 30% W), to which 2% KA was added. The formulations were subjected to polarized light microscopy, which indicated the presence of a hexagonal mesophase. Texture and bioadhesion assay showed that formulation B is suitable for topical application. According to the results from the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>permeation and retention of KA, the formulations developed can modulate the permeation of KA in the skin. The<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>cytotoxic assays showed that KA-unloaded LCS and KA-loaded LCS didn't present cytotoxicity. PPG-5-CETETH-20-based systems may be a promising platform for KA skin delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/271276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T17:54:08Z","timestamp":1386179648000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Skin Delivery of Kojic Acid-Loaded Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Skin Aging"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"M. L.","family":"Gon\u00e7alez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa, km 1, Campus, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa, km 1, Campus, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chorilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa, km 1, Campus, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"12","first-page":"173","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology"},{"issue":"3195","key":"7","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Programa de Formaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Continuada Acredidato"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/952452"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.08.041"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.02.009"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.10.003"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la103301d"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157341313805117857"},{"key":"6","year":"1997"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157341312801784311"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.02.027"},{"key":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Nanopharmaceutics and Drug"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-93322007000200005","volume":"43","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600821126"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(97)04904-1"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.01.012"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.05.048"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(01)00414-9"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/271276.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/271276.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/271276.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T23:40:27Z","timestamp":1498088427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/271276\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["271276","271276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/271276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}