{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:41:25Z","timestamp":1762004485919},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Pneumoscrotum is a rare clinical entity. It presents with swollen scrotal sac and sometimes with palpable crepitus. It has many etiologies. One of them is due to blunt trauma of the thoracic cage, causing pneumothorax and\/or pneumomediastinum.<jats:italic>Case Presentation<\/jats:italic>. We report the case of an 82-year-old male who was transferred to the Emergency Department with signs of respiratory distress after a blunt chest trauma. A CT scan was obtained, and bilateral pneumothoraces with four broken ribs were disclosed. Subcutaneous emphysema expanding from the eyelids to the scrotum was observed, and a chest tube was inserted on the right side with immediate improvement of the vital signs of the patient.<jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>. Pneumoscrotum has three major etiologies: (a) local introduction of air or infection from gas-producing bacteria, (b) pneumoperitoneum, and (c) air accumulation from lungs, mediastinum, or retroperitoneum. These sources account for most of the cases described in the literature. Treatment should be individualized, and surgical consultation should be obtained in all cases.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Although pneumoscrotum itself is a benign entity, the process by which air accumulates in the scrotum must be clarified, and treatment must target the primary cause.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/392869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1358200838000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pneumoscrotum as Complication of Blunt Thoracic Trauma: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Eftychios","family":"Lostoridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kavala, Agios Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Gkagkalidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Urology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 41 Ethnikis Amynis Street, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Varsamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kavala, Agios Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Salveridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery, Theagenio Cancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, Alexandrou Simeonidi 2, 54007 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Karageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kavala, Agios Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Kampantais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Urology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 41 Ethnikis Amynis Street, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Tourountzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Kavala, Agios Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Pouggouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kavala, Agios Silas, 65500 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80122-2","volume":"22","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(92)90406-M"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(94)90410-3"},{"key":"4","first-page":"68","volume":"8","year":"1912","journal-title":"The American Journal of Urology and Sexology"},{"issue":"5 i","key":"5","first-page":"459","volume":"40","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"12","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011163","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surgical Endoscopy"},{"key":"7","first-page":"219","volume":"60","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contemporary Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","first-page":"279","volume":"42","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(69)90189-4","volume":"4","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery"},{"key":"10","first-page":"147","volume-title":"The abdomen: part I\u2014the abdominal wall","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.4.g00jl131043","volume":"20","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194412000-00001","volume":"23","year":"1944","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W20","DOI":"10.1308\/147870807X188506","volume":"89","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cris\/2013\/392869.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cris\/2013\/392869.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cris\/2013\/392869.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T05:38:23Z","timestamp":1498023503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cris\/2013\/392869\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["392869","392869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/392869","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6900","2090-6919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6900","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}