{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:49:48Z","timestamp":1787017788468,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vasospasm following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may dramatically affect the neurological and functional recovery of a vulnerable patient population. While the reported incidence of traumatic vasospasm ranges from 19%\u201368%, the true incidence remains unknown due to variability in protocols for its detection. Only 3.9%\u201316.6% of patients exhibit clinical deficits. Compared to vasospasm resulting from aneurysmal SAH (aSAH), the onset occurs earlier and the duration is shorter. Overall, the clinical course tends to be milder, although extreme cases may occur. Traumatic vasospasm can occur in the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surveillance transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) has been utilized to monitor for radiographic vasospasm following TBI. However, effective treatment modalities remain limited. Hypertension and hypervolemia, the mainstays of treatment of vasospasm associated with aSAH, must be used judiciously in TBI patients, and calcium-channel blockers have offered mixed clinical results. Currently, the paucity of large prospective cohort studies and level-one data limits the ability to form evidence-based recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of vasospasm associated with TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/415813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T17:04:01Z","timestamp":1371661441000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Cerebral Vasospasm in Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4551-2977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6264-6104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesse L.","family":"Winer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6125-9858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B. A. Matthew","family":"Pease","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9122-3338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arun P.","family":"Amar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200611000-00009"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(90)90047-X"},{"key":"3","first-page":"1189","volume":"2","year":"1978","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.5.0688","volume":"73","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.1.0037","volume":"98","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.5.0737","volume":"91","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200202000-00006"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(99)00178-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"9","first-page":"151","volume":"30","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiologia Diagnostica"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01400864"},{"issue":"5","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.5.0762","volume":"84","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199811000-00022"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249190.46033.94"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1192-5_19","volume":"115","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.2.FOCUS1025"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1442"},{"issue":"4","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.16.4.562","volume":"16","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.547331"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.191395"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198108000-00002","volume":"9","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.2.205","volume":"23","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.11.010"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/462491"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","first-page":"249","volume":"48","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001063420106"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00002727-200504000-00005","volume":"28","year":"2005","journal-title":"Critical Care Nursing Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199007000-00015","volume":"27","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0812"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90185-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199205000-00008","volume":"30","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.4.0575","volume":"77","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/02688698708999633","volume":"1","year":"1987","journal-title":"British Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8595","key":"37","first-page":"1173","volume":"1","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0967-5868(94)90005-1","volume":"1","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.544700"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000214222"},{"issue":"3","key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.3.0314","volume":"36","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.2.122","volume":"41","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"35","first-page":"223","volume":"76","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplement"},{"issue":"1","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199401000-00011","volume":"34","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.6.635","volume":"59","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(98)90028-5","volume":"5","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"43","first-page":"343","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1473(02)70617-9","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurocirugia"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010200016"},{"issue":"1","key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.1.0009","volume":"87","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9594-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"48","first-page":"447","volume":"25","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurological Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.6.0626","volume":"32","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161043476492"},{"issue":"1","key":"51","first-page":"15","volume":"42","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"52","first-page":"ECP1","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgical Focus"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.169"},{"issue":"1","key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.1.0090","volume":"85","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000156200.76331.7A"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01403138"},{"issue":"4","key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.40.4.0459","volume":"40","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800550502","volume":"55","year":"1968","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.6.497","volume":"30","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198412000-00015","volume":"15","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303173081103","volume":"308","year":"1983","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/Neurocrit. Care 2006;04:68-76"},{"issue":"3","key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.3.0423","volume":"78","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8886"},{"issue":"2","key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.2.0221","volume":"87","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.1.0082","volume":"85","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699009000676","volume":"4","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.5.0797","volume":"80","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3005.99063","volume":"30","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revista de Neurologia"},{"key":"70","first-page":"S545","volume":"9","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"71","first-page":"CD000565","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70582-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"73","first-page":"319","volume":"16","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000327685.90800.F7"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9138-z"},{"key":"76","first-page":"348","volume":"39","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["Neurology Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/nri\/2013\/415813.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/nri\/2013\/415813.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/nri\/2013\/415813.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]],"date-time":"2023-07-02T09:18:32Z","timestamp":1688289512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/nri\/2013\/415813\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["415813","415813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/415813","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1852","2090-1860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1852","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}