{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:51:46Z","timestamp":1769601106070,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,2]],"date-time":"2013-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370131200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISRN Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among underfives particularly in the resource-constraint part of the world. A high proportion of these deaths are due to lack of oxygen, thereby making oxygen administration a life-saving adjunctive when indicated. However, many primary health centres that manage most of the cases often lack the adequate manpower and facilities to decide which patient should be on oxygen therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors that predict hypoxaemia at presentation in children with severe pneumonia. \nFour hundred and twenty children aged from 2 to 59 months (40% infants) with severe pneumonia admitted to a health centre in rural Gambia were assessed at presentation. Eighty-one of them (19.30%) had hypoxaemia (oxygen saturation &lt; 90%). Children aged 2\u201311 months, with grunting respiration, cyanosis, and head nodding, and those with cardiomegaly on chest radiograph were at higher risk of hypoxaemia (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Grunting respiration (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mtext>O<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>R<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>5.210<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 95% CI 2.287\u20137.482) and cyanosis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mtext>O<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>R<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>83.200<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 95% CI 5.248\u2013355.111) were independent predictors of hypoxaemia in childhood pneumonia. We conclude that children that grunt and are centrally cyanosed should be preferentially commenced on oxygen therapy even when there is no facility to confirm hypoxaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/435976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,2]],"date-time":"2013-06-02T21:00:47Z","timestamp":1370206847000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Determinants of Oxygen Therapy in Childhood Pneumonia in a Resource-Constrained Region"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Bankole Peter","family":"Kuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Ademola","family":"Adegoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benard E.","family":"Ebruke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Gambian Unit, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, Gambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Howie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Gambian Unit, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, Gambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oyeku Akibu","family":"Oyelami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Gambian Unit, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, Gambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"1432","volume-title":"Pneumonia","year":"2004"},{"issue":"12","key":"2","first-page":"895","volume":"82","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00170-0"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71876-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1987.11748482","volume":"7","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Paediatrics"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61130-1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000260107.79355.7d"},{"issue":"7176","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7176.86","volume":"318","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"8","first-page":"505","volume":"5","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532805X23317"},{"issue":"6878","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6878.612","volume":"306","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","first-page":"3","volume":"11","year":"1996","journal-title":"Seminars in Respiratory Infections"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"144","volume":"77","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.044545"},{"key":"18","first-page":"111","volume":"13","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics"},{"key":"19","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Environment and Health","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"20","first-page":"353","volume":"83","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"5","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.5.501","volume":"158","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-9-15"},{"issue":"1","key":"23","first-page":"22","volume":"6","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83133-6","volume":"124","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["ISRN Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2013\/435976.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2013\/435976.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2013\/435976.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T10:18:35Z","timestamp":1607595515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/isrn\/2013\/435976\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,2]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["435976","435976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/435976","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-4703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-4703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,2]]}}}