{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:40:16Z","timestamp":1791484816875,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Clinacanthus nutans<\/jats:italic>Lindau leaves (CN) have been used in traditional medicine but the therapeutic potential has not been explored for cancer prevention and treatment. Current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of CN, extracted in chloroform, methanol, and water, on cancer cell lines. Antioxidant properties of CN were evaluated using DPPH, galvinoxyl, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide based radical scavenging assays, whereas the tumoricidal effect was tested on HepG2, IMR32, NCL-H23, SNU-1, Hela, LS-174T, K562, Raji, and IMR32 cancer cells using MTT assay. Our data showed that CN in chloroform extract was a good antioxidant against DPPH and galvinoxyl radicals, but less effective in negating nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals. Chloroform extract exerted the highest antiproliferative effect on K-562 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>91.28<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>%) and Raji cell lines (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>88.97<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.07<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>%) at 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/ml and the other five cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, but not on IMR-32 cells. Fourteen known compounds were identified in chloroform extract, which was analysed by gas chromatography\u2014mass spectra analysis. In conclusion, CN extracts possess antioxidant and antiproliferative properties against cultured cancer cell lines, suggesting an alternate adjunctive regimen for cancer prevention or treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/462751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1361998834000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["<i>Clinacanthus nutans<\/i>Extracts Are Antioxidant with Antiproliferative Effect on Cultured Human Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Yoke Keong","family":"Yong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Jie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soek Sin","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siau Hui","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendoline Cheng Lian","family":"Ee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoe Siong","family":"Chiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuraini","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3130017","volume":"313","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg137"},{"issue":"11","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4529","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(99)00009-5"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290133","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Research"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121851"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.12.009"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1723-8"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.11.035"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00008-2"},{"issue":"9","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03699.x","volume":"35","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2010.12.003"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.01.059"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802393548"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13067496"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.11.053"},{"issue":"6","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.6.1003","volume":"10","year":"1989","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.91028"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00476.x"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2008.12.010"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704946"},{"issue":"3","key":"24","first-page":"333","volume":"22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.200.17"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0222"},{"issue":"2","key":"27","first-page":"1881","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.11.035"},{"issue":"4","key":"29","first-page":"153","volume":"34","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Department of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"30","first-page":"285","volume":"44","year":"1992","journal-title":"Siriraj Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"31","first-page":"1","volume":"29","year":"2007","journal-title":"Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2011.248.256"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13056440"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/462751.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/462751.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/462751.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1498033364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/462751\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["462751","462751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/462751","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}