{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:24:57Z","timestamp":1740147897406,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas","award":["22103504","24103703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22103504","24103703"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas","award":["22103504","24103703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22103504","24103703"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyzed a statistical model of diaphragm motion using regular principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized N-dimensional PCA (GND-PCA). First, we generate 4D MRI of respiratory motion from 2D MRI using an intersection profile method. We then extract semiautomatically the diaphragm boundary from the 4D-MRI to get subject-specific diaphragm motion. In order to build a general statistical model of diaphragm motion, we normalize the diaphragm motion in time and spatial domains and evaluate the diaphragm motion model of 10 healthy subjects by applying regular PCA and GND-PCA. We also validate the results using the leave-one-out method. The results show that the first three principal components of regular PCA contain more than 98% of the total variation of diaphragm motion. However, validation using leave-one-out method gives up to 5.0\u2009mm mean of error for right diaphragm motion and 3.8\u2009mm mean of error for left diaphragm motion. Model analysis using GND-PCA provides about 1\u2009mm margin of error and is able to reconstruct the diaphragm model by fewer samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/482941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,26]],"date-time":"2013-05-26T17:00:32Z","timestamp":1369587632000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["GND-PCA-Based Statistical Modeling of Diaphragm Motion Extracted from 4D MRI"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4210-7001","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Windra","family":"Swastika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitada","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Haneishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Frontier Medical Engineering Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/6\/001"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21436"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1160\/ME9040","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods of Information in Medicine"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2222079"},{"first-page":"222","volume-title":"Cardiac respiratory motion modelling by simultaneous registration and modelling from dynamic MRI images","year":"2010","key":"12"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2009.01.007"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2031844"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1004"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/482941.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/482941.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/482941.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,14]],"date-time":"2019-07-14T00:48:13Z","timestamp":1563065293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/482941\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["482941","482941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/482941","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1748-670X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-6718"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}