{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:43:36Z","timestamp":1740141816288,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A visual sensor network (VSN) is a distributed system of a large number of camera nodes and has useful applications in many areas. The primary difference between a VSN and an ordinary scalar sensor network is the nature and volume of the information. In contrast to scalar sensor networks, a VSN generates two-dimensional data in the form of images. In this paper, we design a heterogeneous VSN to reduce the implementation cost required for the surveillance of a given area between two altitude limits. The VSN is designed by combining three sub-VSNs, which results in a heterogeneous VSN. Measurements are performed to verify full coverage and minimum achieved object image resolution at the lower and higher altitudes, respectively, for each sub-VSN. Verification of the sub-VSNs also verifies the full coverage of the heterogeneous VSN, between the given altitudes limits. Results show that the heterogeneous VSN is very effective to decrease the implementation cost required for the coverage of a given area. More than 70% decrease in cost is achieved by using a heterogeneous VSN to cover a given area, in comparison to homogeneous VSN. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/490489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,31]],"date-time":"2013-08-31T21:00:25Z","timestamp":1377982825000},"page":"490489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modeling and Verification of a Heterogeneous Sky Surveillance Visual Sensor Network"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5556-4749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naeem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Khursheed","family":"Khursheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Najeem","family":"Lawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"O'Nils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,31]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communication","author":"Obraczka K.","key":"B1-2013-490489"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B2-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSC.2007.4357525"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B3-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/640386"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B4-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2009.4907559"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B5-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1145\/1641876.1641890"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B6-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.211"},{"key":"B7-2013-490489","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Advanced Video-Based Surveillance Systems","author":"Brodsky T.","year":"2001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B8-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1406473"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"B9-2013-490489","DOI":"10.1145\/1065983.1066016"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Beymer D.","first-page":"495","key":"B10-2013-490489"},{"volume":"2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists","author":"Lim K. 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