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cardiovascular risk factors including interleukin-6 levels on endothelial activation in RA. Circulating soluble E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations were measured in 217 African patients (112 black and 105 white) with RA. In comprehensive confounder adjusted mixed regression models, 5 conventional and 4 nonconventional cardiovascular risk factors were associated (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    to &lt;0.0001) with endothelial activation. Interleukin-6 was the only risk factor related to each endothelial activation molecule and independently contributed by 18% and significantly more than other risk factors to the variation in overall endothelial activation as estimated by an SD (z) score of endothelial activation molecule concentrations. The independent interleukin-6-overall endothelial activation relationships were reproduced in various subgroups. Interleukin-6 concentrations relate consistently, markedly, and to a larger extent than other cardiovascular risk factors to endothelial activation in RA. Assessment of interleukin-6 concentrations may enhance cardiovascular risk stratification in RA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/510243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]],"date-time":"2013-12-21T16:00:47Z","timestamp":1387641647000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Marked Independent Relationship between Circulating Interleukin-6 Concentrations and Endothelial Activation in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Patrick H.","family":"Dessein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. 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