{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:03:34Z","timestamp":1788239014788,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lodz, Poland","award":["503\/8-093-01\/503-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/8-093-01\/503-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, it is believed that the main role in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma plays<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>infection. This world-wide distributed bacteria is in charge of most cases of not only upper gastrointestinal tract disorders but also some of extragastric problems. Constant stimulation of the immune system causes a B-lymphocytes proliferation, which is considered to be responsible for the neoplastic transformation. On the other hand, there are 10%\u201320% of patients who do not respond to<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>eradication treatment. This group has often a chromosome translocation, which suggests that there is another unknown, so far, pathogenetic mechanism of MALT lymphoma. Majority of genetic abnormalities are connected with nuclear factor-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B (NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B) pathway, which activates the uncontrolled proliferation of neoplastic cells. Translocations already described in studies are t(11;18)(q21;q21), which is the most common, t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(14;18)(q32;q21), and t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). This non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma is an indolent type originated outside lymph nodes. In more than 50% of cases, it occurs in the stomach. Occasionally, it can be found in salivary and thyroid gland, lung, breast, bladder, skin, or any other place in the human body. This paper is a review of the current knowledge on etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and follow-up of gastric MALT lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/523170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T21:03:43Z","timestamp":1364504623000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>Infection, Chronic Inflammation, and Genomic Transformations in Gastric MALT Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Witkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Ciolkowskiego 2, 93-510 Lodz , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Smolewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Ciolkowskiego 2, 93-510 Lodz , 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