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Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (60\u2009mg\/Kg, intraperitoneally) in Sprague-Dawley rats. MSCs were administered alone or in combination with UTMD to DN rats at 4 weeks after diabetes onset. Random blood glucose concentrations were measured at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and plasma insulin levels, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) values, the structures of pancreas and kidney, the expressions of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1, synaptopodin, and IL-10 were assessed at 8 weeks after MSCs transplantation. MSCs transplantation decreased blood glucose concentrations and attenuated pancreatic islets\/<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>cells damage. The permeability of renal interstitial capillaries and VCAM-1 expression increased after UTMD, which enhanced homing and retention of MSCs to kidneys. MSCs transplantation together with UTMD prevented renal damage and decreased UAER values by inhibiting TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 expression and upregulating synaptopodin and IL-10 expression. We conclude that MSCs transplantation reverts hyperglycemia; UTMD technique noninvasively increases the homing of MSCs to kidneys and promotes renal repair in DN rats. This noninvasive cell delivery method may be feasible and efficient as a novel approach for personal MSCs therapy to diabetic nephropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/526367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T21:01:01Z","timestamp":1369688461000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Kidney-Targeted Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Promotes Kidney Repair in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiaozheng Road, Chongqing 400037, China"},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, The Forty-Fourth Military Hospital, 67 Huanghe Road, Guiyang 550009, 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