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Because melatonin appears to alter leptin synthesis, in this work we aimed to investigate whether leptin would have a role on norepinephrine- (NE-)mediated melatonin synthesis in cultured rat pineal glands. According to our data, cultured rat pineal glands express leptin receptor isoform b (<jats:italic>Ob-Rb<\/jats:italic>). Pineal expression of<jats:italic>Ob-Rb<\/jats:italic>mRNA was also observed<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Administration of leptin (1\u2009nM) associated with NE (1\u2009\u00b5M) reduced melatonin content as well as arylalkylamine-N-acetyl transferase (AANAT) activity and expression in cultured pineal glands. Leptin treatment per se induced the expression of STAT3 in cultured pineal glands, but STAT3 does not participate in the leptin modulation of NE-mediated pineal melatonin synthesis. In addition, the expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) was further induced by leptin challenge when associated with NE. In conclusion, leptin inhibition of pineal melatonin synthesis appears to be mediated by a reduction in AANAT activity and expression as well as by increased expression of<jats:italic>Icer<\/jats:italic>mRNA. Peptidergic signaling within the pineal gland appears to be one of the most important signals which modulates melatonin synthesis; leptin, as a member of this system, is not an exception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/546516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T21:02:07Z","timestamp":1372712527000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Leptin Modulates Norepinephrine-Mediated Melatonin Synthesis in Cultured Rat Pineal Gland"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo Antonio","family":"Peliciari-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenue Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Room 118, 05508-900 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, 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