{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:20:06Z","timestamp":1758961206199,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PPAR Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The liver X receptors (LXRs) have been shown to be crucially involved in maternal-fetal cholesterol transport and placentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and frequency of LXR under normal physiological circumstances and in spontaneous abortion and\/or recurrent miscarriage. A total of 29 (12 physiologic pregnancies\/10 spontaneous abortions\/7 recurrent miscarriages) human pregnancies in first trimester were analysed for LXR expression. Expression changes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for receptor and quantitative RT-PCR (TaqMan) was performed to determine the level of LXR mRNA expression. We also stained for RXR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>as possible heterodimers of LXR. LXR expression was downregulated in the syncytiotrophoblast of spontaneous abortion placentas compared to normal pregnancy. In recurrent miscarriage there was a trend for a downregulation. Decidua showed an even stronger downregulation in both groups. In the syncytiotrophoblast we found a positive correlation for the combination of LXR\/PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>in abortions and a negative correlation for LXR\/RXR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. In addition, double-immunofluorescence staining showed that LXR as well as RXR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>are expressed by the extravillous trophoblast. Finally, RXR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and LXR showed coexpression in the same extravillous trophoblast cells. To conclude, our data show that LXR expression is decreased in miscarriage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/575604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T17:00:44Z","timestamp":1366045244000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Liver X Receptor in Correlation with Other Nuclear Receptors in Spontaneous and Recurrent Abortions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Knabl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Pestka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80337 Munich, 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