{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:25:13Z","timestamp":1740147913981,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) within mRNA sequences of Alzheimer\u2019s disease genes, namely, APP, APOE, PSEN1, and PSEN2, has been analyzed using fractal dimension (FD) computation and correlation analysis. We examined lncRNA by comparing mRNA FD to corresponding coding DNA sequences (CDSs) FD. APP, APOE, and PSEN1 CDSs select slightly higher FDs compared to the mRNA, while PSEN2 CDSs FDs are lower. The correlation coefficient for these sequences is 0.969. A comparative study of differentially expressed MAPK signaling pathway lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer cells shows a correlation of 0.771. Selection of higher FD CDSs could indicate interaction of Alzheimer\u2019s gene products APP, APOE, and PSEN1. Including hypocretin sequences (where all CDSs have higher fractal dimensions than mRNA) in the APP, APOE, and PSEN1 sequence analyses improves correlation, but the inclusion of erythropoietin (where all CDSs have higher FD than mRNA) would suppress correlation, suggesting that HCRT, a hypothalamus neurotransmitter related to the wake\/sleep cycle, might be better when compared to EPO, a glycoprotein hormone, for targeting Alzheimer\u2019s disease drug development. Fractal dimension and entropy correlation have provided supporting evidence, consistent with evolutionary studies, for using a zebrafish model together with a mouse model, in HCRT drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/579136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]],"date-time":"2013-04-11T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1365699706000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exploratory Bioinformatics Study of lncRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease mRNA Sequences with Application to Drug Development"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-8668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T.","family":"Holden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-3540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-0302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Dehipawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tremberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensborough Community College of CUNY, 222-05 56th Avenue Bayside, NY 11364, USA"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"67","key":"1","first-page":"881","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-4460"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-012-0181-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"4","first-page":"2004","volume":"40","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.131037.111","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"6","first-page":"245","volume":"46","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"volume":"3, article 25","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics","year":"2012","key":"7"},{"issue":"14","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks296","volume":"40","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.160"},{"issue":"4","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.029520.111","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(88)90081-4","volume":"31","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"volume":"6694","journal-title":"Proceedings of SPIE","year":"2007","key":"13"},{"journal-title":"Proceedings of SPIE","year":"2008","key":"14"},{"issue":"8","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.014","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70228-4","volume":"11","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01049","volume":"207","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.10.078"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/953264"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051606598"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021067"},{"issue":"5","key":"22","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.133009.111","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211103","volume":"368","year":"2013","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211851","volume":"368","year":"2013","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1213157","volume":"368","year":"2013","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0709-681","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/579136.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/579136.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/579136.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T07:14:16Z","timestamp":1498029256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/579136\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["579136","579136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/579136","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1748-670X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-6718"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}