{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:22:25Z","timestamp":1753885345714},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Operations Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the use and validation of a generalized learning curve in the economies of scale purchasing experience. The model, based on Wright\u2019s curve, incorporates two extra degrees of freedom to accommodate initial purchases of multiple (instead of single) units and a finite asymptotic price at high volumes. The study shows that each time the part purchase quantity is doubled, the price is reduced either by a constant percentage (a learning rate) or by an approach to an asymptotic plateau rate indicating a point of diminishing returns. Supplier price quotations at multiple purchase quantities were obtained for a pool of 17 critical parts. The data were fitted with the generalized learning curve by the method of least squares regression. The regressed learning rate, first unit price, and the asymptotic price can be used to infer supplier pricing strategies. Coupled with a \u201cshould-cost\u201d analysis based on estimates of standard time and material, a system cost reduction task was carried out by the supply chain organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/584762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T21:02:20Z","timestamp":1360789340000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Generalized Learning Curve Adapted for Purchasing and Cost Reduction Negotiations"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Lam F.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering & Engineering Technology, Cuyahoga Community College, MHCS 122, 2900 Community College Avenve, Cleveland, OH 44115-3196, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","volume":"26","year":"1919","journal-title":"Psychological Monographs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2514\/8.155","volume":"3","year":"1936","journal-title":"Journal of Aeronautical Sciences"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/146042"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/00140135708964571","volume":"1","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/002075497195669","volume":"35","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"6","volume-title":"Learning and forgetting models and their applications","year":"2006"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X05056473"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570710736985"},{"issue":"10","key":"9","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6963(00)00064-4"},{"key":"11","first-page":"31","volume":"2","year":"2009","journal-title":"ProbStat Forum"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2005.06.020"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2307\/2555676","volume":"15","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-493X.1999.tb00236.x","volume":"35","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Supply Chain Management"},{"key":"15","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["Advances in Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/aor\/2013\/584762.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/aor\/2013\/584762.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/aor\/2013\/584762.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T07:28:56Z","timestamp":1498030136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/aor\/2013\/584762\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["584762","584762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/584762","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9147","1687-9155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9147","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}