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Our prior report (2012) cited<jats:italic>K. gracilis<\/jats:italic>leaf extract as moderately active against EV71 and CoxA16. This study further rates antienteroviral potential of<jats:italic>K. gracilis<\/jats:italic>stem (KGS) extract to identify potent antiviral fractions and components. The extract moderately inhibits viral cytopathicity and virus yield, as well as<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>replication of EV71 (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>= 75.18\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL) and CoxA16 (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>= 81.41\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL). Ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of KGS extract showed greater antiviral activity than that of<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-butanol or aqueous fraction: IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>values of 4.21\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL against EV71 and 9.08\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL against CoxA16. HPLC analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and plaque reduction assay indicate that eupafolin is a vital component of EA fraction showing potent activity against EV71 (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>= 1.39\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) and CoxA16 (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>= 5.24\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M). Eupafolin specifically lessened virus-induced upregulation of IL-6 and RANTES by inhibiting virus-induced ERK1\/2, AP-1, and STAT3 signals. Anti-enteroviral potency of KGS EA fraction and eupafolin shows the clinical potential against EV71 and CoxA16 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/591354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T17:02:30Z","timestamp":1378141350000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Eupafolin and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of<i>Kalanchoe gracilis<\/i>Stem Extract Show Potent Antiviral Activities against Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Ching-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun-Chueh","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Rung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ling","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jen","family":"Jou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szu-Hao","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Shiun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 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