{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:56:11Z","timestamp":1781844971498,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,12]],"date-time":"2013-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":315,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC-101-2324-B-005-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC-101-2324-B-005-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Botulinum toxin A (BoNT\u2010A) is a bacterial zinc\u2010dependent endopeptidase that acts specifically on neuromuscular junctions. BoNT\u2010A blocks the release of acetylcholine, thereby decreasing the ability of a spastic muscle to generate forceful contraction, which results in a temporal local weakness and the atrophy of targeted muscles. BoNT\u2010A\u2010induced temporal muscle weakness has been used to manage skeletal muscle spasticity, such as poststroke spasticity, cerebral palsy, and cervical dystonia. However, the combined effect of treadmill exercise and BoNT\u2010A treatment is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that for rats, following BoNT\u2010A injection in the gastrocnemius muscle, treadmill running improved the recovery of the sciatic functional index (SFI), muscle contraction strength, and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and area. Treadmill training had no influence on gastrocnemius mass that received BoNT\u2010A injection, but it improved the maximal contraction force of the gastrocnemius, and upregulation of GAP\u201043, IGF\u20101, Myo\u2010D, Myf\u20105, myogenin, and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found following treadmill training. Taken together, these results suggest that the upregulation of genes associated with neurite and AChR regeneration following treadmill training may contribute to enhanced gastrocnemius strength recovery following BoNT\u2010A injection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/593271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T21:02:19Z","timestamp":1384549339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Treadmill Therapy on Neuromuscular Atrophy Induced via Botulinum Toxin A"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Sen-Wei","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1250-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Mu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1392-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310364059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0888439003255508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280902874204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830001400108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.02.0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.12.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/61.suppl_6.S5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0b013e3181bf53d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31806dc302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31819800e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182643eba"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3975635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91442-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(89)90127-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309349945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Modulation of locomotor-like EMG activity in subjects with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Dobkin B. H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.2.797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312439687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.06.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00391.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181b7b932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199412000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7367884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","article-title":"Ventral root re-implantation is better than peripheral nerve transplantation for motoneuron survival and regeneration after spinal root avulsion injury","volume":"13","author":"Su H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1085-9489.2003.03029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00946.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307313502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968305280753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816X.2001.01484.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)00273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1411-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00791.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019581108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X281055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-010-0068-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400014600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.02.0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-199603000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593980701523802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599677595404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400014634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2008-23304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/436473a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20440"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7384786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2000.570103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304744200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345353a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004172200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.19.110701.155609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80016-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_2","first-page":"343","article-title":"Vesicular transport: implications for cell polarity","volume":"20","author":"Burdick D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362318a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2005.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35127-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(02)00016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.14.3.680-686.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2420-2425.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00775-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.8.1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000137315.17214.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01218353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000267597.65120.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199705)20:5<593::AID-MUS8>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-07-02019.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.153569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.11.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00410.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02880-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0299b.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6243417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00694.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.5.1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.24.4311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000159261.11520.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00706.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00189.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2008.043174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2008.00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000251445.94697.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200120801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01262.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.02.013"}],"container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2013\/593271","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/2013\/593271","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2013\/593271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:38:24Z","timestamp":1769096304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2013\/593271"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2013\/593271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/593271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-5904","1687-5443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-5904","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-5443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"593271"}}