{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T02:14:56Z","timestamp":1648865696658},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new approach was proposed to improve traditional background subtraction (BGS) techniques by integrating a gradient-based edge detector called a second derivative in gradient direction (SDGD) filter with the BGS output. The four fundamental BGS techniques, namely, frame difference (FD), approximate median (AM), running average (RA), and running Gaussian average (RGA), showed imperfect foreground pixels generated specifically at the boundary. The pixel intensity was lesser than the preset threshold value, and the blob size was smaller. The SDGD filter was introduced to enhance edge detection upon the completion of each basic BGS technique as well as to complement the missing pixels. The results proved that fusing the SDGD filter with each elementary BGS increased segmentation performance and suited postrecording video applications. Evidently, the analysis using <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>-score and average accuracy percentage proved this, and, as such, it can be concluded that this new hybrid BGS technique improved upon existing techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/598708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,11]],"date-time":"2013-11-11T21:01:07Z","timestamp":1384203667000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Enhancement of Background Subtraction Techniques Using a Second Derivative in Gradient Direction Filter"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Farah Yasmin","family":"Abdul Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aini","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan Mimi Diyana","family":"Wan Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halimah","family":"Badioze Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Visual Informatics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nooritawati","family":"Md Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"2","first-page":"138","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598236"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20083126"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2008.05.130"},{"issue":"2, article 83","key":"30","volume":"4","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Image Processing"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.297954"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-8266(96)00209-1"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-5281-2011-13"},{"issue":"8","key":"28","volume":"48","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electronics Letter"}],"container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2013\/598708.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2013\/598708.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2013\/598708.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T22:45:52Z","timestamp":1484865952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2013\/598708\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["598708","598708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/598708","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0147","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}