{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:40:16Z","timestamp":1770230416340,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress has been suspected of contributing to the pathogenesis of pterygia. We evaluated the immunohistochemical localization of the markers of oxidative stress, that is, the proteins modified by 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which are reactive aldehydes derived from nonenzymatic oxidation of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. In the pterygial head, labeling of 4-HHE- and 4-HNE-modified proteins was prominent in the nuclei and cytosol of the epithelium. In the pterygial body, strong labeling was observed in the nuclei and cytosol of the epithelium and proliferating subepithelial connective tissue. In normal conjunctival specimens, only trace immunoreactivity of both proteins was observed in the epithelial and stromal layers. Exposures of ultraviolet (330\u2009nm,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">48.32<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009\u00b1\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.55<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) or blue light (400\u2009nm,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">293.0<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009\u00b1\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2.0<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) to rat eyes enhanced labeling of 4-HHE- and 4-HNE-modified proteins in the nuclei of conjunctival epithelium. Protein modifications by biologically active aldehydes are a molecular event involved in the development of pterygia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/602029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,12]],"date-time":"2013-05-12T21:01:02Z","timestamp":1368392462000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["4-Hydroxyhexenal- and 4-Hydroxynonenal-Modified Proteins in Pterygia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Ichiya","family":"Sano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya 89-1, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kaidzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya 89-1, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, 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