{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:13:38Z","timestamp":1753182818860,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>Lacrimal infections by<jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>are rare and commonly misdiagnosed for long periods of time. They account for 2% of all lacrimal diseases.<jats:italic>Case Report.<\/jats:italic>We report a case of a 70-year-old female patient suffering from a para-canalicular abscess in the medial canthus of the left eye, beside the lower punctum lacrimale, resembling a chalazion. Purulence exited from the punctum lacrimale due to inflammation of the inferior canaliculus (canaliculitis). When pressure was applied to the mass, a second exit of purulence was also observed under the palpebral conjunctiva below the lacrimal caruncle. A surgical excision was performed followed by administration of local antibiotic therapy. The histopathological examination of the extracted mass revealed the existence of actinomycosis.<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>Persistent or recurrent infections and lumps of the eyelids should be thoroughly investigated.<jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>as a causative agent should be considered. Differential diagnosis is broad and should include canaliculitis, chalazion, and multiple types of neoplasias. For this reason, in nonconclusive cases, a histopathological examination should be performed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/618367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T17:04:38Z","timestamp":1369155878000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Para-Canalicular Abscess Resembling an Inflamed Chalazion"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Diamantis","family":"Almaliotis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Opthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Nakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Opthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0824-4213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Siempis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Opthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4435-3532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Triantafyllia","family":"Koletsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Opthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, 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