{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:48:15Z","timestamp":1770986895843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cytotoxic activities of extracts of four samples of propolis from the state of Minas Gerais (Southeast Brazil) and two from the state of Paran\u00e1 (South Brazil) were evaluated using sea urchin (<jats:italic>Lytechinus variegatus<\/jats:italic>) eggs. Cytotoxic activity was observed, characterized mainly by the inhibition of the first cleavage of newly fertilized eggs. Methanol extracts at 32 \u00b5g mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of all samples were highly active (97\u2013100%). Extracts were also prepared by successive treatments of the samples with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. High activity was observed using the ethyl acetate fractions of all samples, but hexane and chloroform fractions of some samples also had high activity. Based on the chemical composition of the extracts and fractions (published previously), it is hypothesized that the cytotoxic activities observed are due mainly to artepillin C,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-coumaric acid, and kaempferide. The results suggest that caffeoylquinic acids have no cytotoxic activity in sea urchin eggs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/619361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T17:14:19Z","timestamp":1365527659000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cytotoxic Activity of Six Samples of Brazilian Propolis on Sea Urchin (<i>Lytechinus variegatus<\/i>) Eggs"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"C. C.","family":"Fernandes-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua do Mat\u00e3o, 277, 05508-090 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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