{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:40:28Z","timestamp":1770435628094,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Developmental Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the present lack of clinically useful tests for the accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP), there is a need to select out those immunological factors measured in the maternal serum, as potential biomarkers. Our assumption was that C1q\/anti-C1q antibody complexes and serum levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15) may play a role in differentiating abortions (MAs) and EPs and normal pregnancies. We assessed whether their measurement could set the diagnosis in a case control study at 6\u20138 weeks consisting of 60 women with failed early pregnancy (30\u2009EPs, 30\u2009MAs) and 33 women with intrauterine pregnancies. Normal pregnancies contain anti-C1q antibodies more frequently compared to women with failed pregnancies, the lowest levels being found in EPs, but this lacked statistical significance and anti-C1q could not serve as a marker. However EP pregnancies had elevated IL-15 levels that could statistically significantly differentiate them from MAs and IUPs. Furthermore, when assessing IL-15 for the clinically important differentiation between IUP and EP, we found at a cut-off of 16\u2009pg\/mL a negative predictive value of 99 with a sensitivity for diagnosing an EP of 92%. According to these results, serum IL-15 is a promising marker differentiating an MA from an EP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/637513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T16:03:15Z","timestamp":1358438595000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and Anti-C1q Antibodies as Serum Biomarkers for Ectopic Pregnancy and Missed Abortion"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7300-9514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Daponte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital Larissa, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efthimios","family":"Deligeoroglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology and 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